Central Judicial And Military Administration Under Abassids,

Central Administration of Abassid dynasty

After the caliphate the whole islamic administration were changed in mullukiyet  the whole islamic administrsation became hereditary monarchy the beginning started from ummayads rule from the greatest caliph Amir muwiyyah consequently after the decline of ummayads rule the abassids came into power they also adopted the measures as were already Prevailling during the time of ummayads thus as far as concern the central administration of Abassids the administration was entirely based on hereditary monarchy they were the first people in the history of islam who appointed wazirs first time .the calipha was the head of state as well the church,the  administration of Abassid at central level called as Diwan ul Aziz.in times of abassids the grand wazir had given unlimited powers.

Under the abassid rule they managed the whole administration under 13 administrative boards under as follow

1.      Diwan ul jund   military Department

2.      Diwan ul kharaj  finance

3.      Diwan Rasail       correspondance letters

4.      Diwan ul Khatam     seal and office

5.      Diwan ul Barid        postal service

6.      Diwan ul Azimah zuman   Audit and Account

7.      Diwan ul Nazrifi wa Muzalim   investigation and grievence

8.      Diwan ul Naqafat     expenses

9.      Diwan ul Dia          estates and  crown

10.   Diwan ul sirr          secetary

11.   Diwan ul Tawqi       bequests

12.   Diwan ul Adas/ Shurta    police

13.   Diwan ul Mawali / Ghilman    clients and slaves

During the time of ummayads the central administration managed the whole administration only under 5 important boards Diwan ul jund, Diwan ul kharaj, Diwan ul Barid , Diwan ul khatam and Diwan ul rasail

Judicial Administration of Abassids

The Abassids administration had a great judicial system in all proviences of Abassids they had appointed Qazis for running the administration of justice department,every matter related to any person in each provience were resolved by Qazis called as judges. The muncipal police was associated with the every judicial department called as muhtasib.the Qaziul Quzzat was called as the chief justice his duty was appointed to Qazi in each provience under abassids besides Qaziul Quzzat was directly appointed by caliph from the central administration.



Military Department

During the time of ummayads the military department was called as Diwan ul jund the department was directly controlled by the central administration the army were divided into different battalens over ten soldiers there was one of the head called as Amir ul Asharah ,similarly over ten Amir ul Asharah their head was called as Qaid ,over ten Qaid the head was known as commander.the ummayads army got the pay 1000 Dihram per head the caliph walid 2 enhanced their pay 10 dihram of each soldier .when yazid third assumed the power he decreased the salary of employees during his regime.the basra and kufa was the main recruiting ground during ummayads

Military Department of Abassids also called as the Diwan ul jund during the regime of al mansur He recruited the Army from three main divisions

1.      North Arabia  Mudarite army

2.      South Arabia   yemenite Army

3.      Khorasan        khorasani army

The  salary of each soldier was less than that of the ummayad army,the wepon of the army had bows , archers fireballs etc the naval power reached its greatest height during the abassids. During the time al mutasim he appointed the army from turkish provience, in times caliph al amin his army mainly belongs to bagadad and hamdhan. Al mamun had the great support from persia he also recruited some army from persia.similary the department had over direct control of central administration

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