The famous Islamic  philosophers and scientists in the medividual ages

The islam has produced great personalities from time to time who contributed to much more to the islamic world, in the medieval times of the islamic civilizations multitudes islamic scientists and philosophers who changed the whole world into a new phase, so in this modern world many great islamic personalities are not to be known by the majority people lets see some of the important islamic figures in the medieval period of Islam

Islamic Contribution To Philosophy

1,  Abu Abdullah Al Battani; 858-929 this personality was flourished during the period of Abassids He was born in battan Harran near to turkey, And was a famous astronomer and mathematician, he was very much famous for developed the concept of contangent wrote important book on astronomy and later on translated into latin called as De Scienta Stellerum-De Numeris Stellerum Et Motibus,His books on astronomy were famous in europe and were translated in several languages. It was the person who resolved the accuracy the obliquity of the ecliptic and the length of seasons and the true mean orbit of sun.

 

2.Al Fargani his actual name was Abul abass Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Kathir Al Fargani, He was born in fargana,transaxiana , he flourished during the time of caliph mamun, He was a very much famous in the field of astronomy,and wrote one of the book on astronomy known as kitab Fi Al- Harakat-Al Samawiya wa jawami ilm al najum this book is on celestial motion and through science of stars,the book was translated later on in many languages and put lot of influence on the european astronomical works’

3.Abu wafa muhammad Al Buzj 940-997  This person was flourished during the time of abassids period,He was born in buzjan Nishapur,he was well known by the people at Bagadad as the greatest mathematician and astronomer,in trignometry he had great contribution . He was the first person to show the generality of the sine theorm relative to spherical triangles.Besides He developed the knowledge on the tangent and introduced the secant’ and cosecant for the first time

4. Abu Rayhan Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Al biruni 973-1048

Al Biruni was the Persian philospher ,scholar, historian, astronomer, teaveller and pharmicist, Al biruni had great contribution in the field of mathematics , medicine , science and philosphy besides He was also great historian and encylopedist,This person was flourished during the period of samanids rule . Al biruni was born in khawarazm ,so in the field of mathematics and astronomy Abu Nasr Mansur became his teacher.Al Biruni travelled to the whole south Asia with Mahmud Gaznavi in 1030 came to india with mahmud gaznavi and learnt indian language particularly sanskrit later on wrote famous book on the chronicles of india or Tarikh ul Hind.

Al biruni was the 17 years  old when He calculated the latitude of Kath, khawarzm using the maximum altitude of the sun.He had written several books like study of map projection cartography ,He was very much famous through written a book called as the chronology.

5,Al Farabi 872- 950 this person was born in Farab kazakhstan and He died in Damascus He got the title Mualliam al thani  means Second teacher. AL FARABI  had great interest in metaphysics , philosphy , music, ethics and epistomology.many scholars of islam describes him as the shia scholar,but majority said He was the sunni scholar,this person got much fame in the field of philosphy after Ibn rushud.Al farabi believed on the concept of emanist philosphy that means he had believe that the universe have only one creator.He was regarded as the exponent of new philosphy and was influenced by plato He said that the aim of the philosphy is to know Allah through rational and logical arguments ,Al farabi said that there is the possibility of rationality within the religion if any religion that is true that never contradicts with rationality ,His philosphy is called as the theo centric philosphy that means the centre of philosphy is religion,Al farabi said that God is in  the center of universe his essence is reality and his emanipation is rationality al farabi stresses on natural sciences he said that studying natural science one can know the nature and work of God ,He said man requires gradual rice from imperfect to perfect same as the purpose of natural science

                                    Best Works of Al Farabi

1 Kitab Ul Musiqi Al Kabir

2,Ara Ahl Madinatul Fadila

3, The argument between plato and the Aristotle

4.Fusus al Hikam

5 Ihsa ul Iqaat

6.Ihsa ul Ulum

6 IMAM GAZZALI 1058-1111

Imam Gazzali was born in the city of Tus and also died in Tus persia.the imam gazzali was great philospher and the sufi saint of islam ,he was best known by the title as Hujjat tul islam means authority or document of islam.He belongs to shafi school of thought and his creed was Ashari ,  As a philospher he said certainity of truth could not be obtained through theological speculations or philosophical reasoning.but truth was reveled only by the divine light by which Allah illuminated it into the hearts of believers.His life divided into three stages

1,period of learnig He learned various branches of traditional islamic religious sciences at his home place tus,later on He was appointed as the teacher of nazimiyah institution at bagadad and he served as the lecturer of jurisprudence for 40 years.

2 In Second stage He wrote many books such as Nasihatul Mulluk and minhaj al abidin

3.in third stage He left the college and wandered as the sufi in the deserts of syria and palestine and got engaged in sufi practice.

As a philospher He wrote a books on philosphy called as Al maqasid al falasifa and tahafat al falasifa  He divided all the philosphers into three catogeries

Dahriun materialist believed on cause and effect

Tabiun    Naturalist  believed on  Natural laws

Illahiun     Thesiist   believed on Reason

AL Gazzali he criticised the philosphers on three grounds eternity of the world, denial of God’s knowledge and Day of judgement

Some best works of Imam gazzali

Hujjatul Haq

Al Munqidh min zalal

Ihya ulum al din

Bidayat al hidayah

Kimayat Saadat’