The famous Islamic philosophers and scientists in the medividual
ages
The islam has produced great personalities from time to time
who contributed to much more to the islamic world, in the medieval times of the
islamic civilizations multitudes islamic scientists and philosophers who changed
the whole world into a new phase, so in this modern world many great islamic
personalities are not to be known by the majority people lets see some of the
important islamic figures in the medieval period of Islam
Islamic Contribution To Philosophy
1, Abu Abdullah Al
Battani; 858-929 this personality was flourished during the period of
Abassids He was born in battan Harran near to turkey, And was a famous
astronomer and mathematician, he was very much famous for developed the concept
of contangent wrote important book on astronomy and later on translated into
latin called as De Scienta Stellerum-De Numeris Stellerum Et Motibus,His
books on astronomy were famous in europe and were translated in several languages.
It was the person who resolved the accuracy the obliquity of the ecliptic and
the length of seasons and the true mean orbit of sun.
2.Al Fargani his actual name was Abul abass Ahmad Ibn
Muhammad Ibn Kathir Al Fargani, He was born in fargana,transaxiana , he flourished
during the time of caliph mamun, He was a very much famous in the field of
astronomy,and wrote one of the book on astronomy known as kitab Fi Al-
Harakat-Al Samawiya wa jawami ilm al najum this book is on celestial motion
and through science of stars,the book was translated later on in many languages
and put lot of influence on the european astronomical works’
3.Abu wafa muhammad Al Buzj 940-997 This person was flourished during the time of
abassids period,He was born in buzjan Nishapur,he was well known by the people
at Bagadad as the greatest mathematician and astronomer,in trignometry he had
great contribution . He was the first person to show the generality of the sine
theorm relative to spherical triangles.Besides He developed the knowledge on
the tangent and introduced the secant’ and cosecant for the first time
4. Abu Rayhan Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Al biruni 973-1048
Al Biruni was the Persian philospher ,scholar, historian,
astronomer, teaveller and pharmicist, Al biruni had great contribution in the
field of mathematics , medicine , science and philosphy besides He was also
great historian and encylopedist,This person was flourished during the period
of samanids rule . Al biruni was born in khawarazm ,so in the field of
mathematics and astronomy Abu Nasr Mansur became his teacher.Al Biruni
travelled to the whole south Asia with Mahmud Gaznavi in 1030 came to india
with mahmud gaznavi and learnt indian language particularly sanskrit later on
wrote famous book on the chronicles of india or Tarikh ul Hind.
Al biruni was the 17 years
old when He calculated the latitude of Kath, khawarzm using the maximum altitude
of the sun.He had written several books like study of map projection
cartography ,He was very much famous through written a book called as the
chronology.
5,Al Farabi 872- 950 this person was born in Farab
kazakhstan and He died in Damascus He got the title Mualliam al thani means Second teacher. AL FARABI had great interest in metaphysics , philosphy
, music, ethics and epistomology.many scholars of islam describes him as the
shia scholar,but majority said He was the sunni scholar,this person got much
fame in the field of philosphy after Ibn rushud.Al farabi believed on the
concept of emanist philosphy that means he had believe that the universe have
only one creator.He was regarded as the exponent of new philosphy and was
influenced by plato He said that the aim of the philosphy is to know Allah
through rational and logical arguments ,Al farabi said that there is the
possibility of rationality within the religion if any religion that is true
that never contradicts with rationality ,His philosphy is called as the theo
centric philosphy that means the centre of philosphy is religion,Al farabi said
that God is in the center of universe
his essence is reality and his emanipation is rationality al farabi stresses on
natural sciences he said that studying natural science one can know the nature
and work of God ,He said man requires gradual rice from imperfect to perfect
same as the purpose of natural science
Best
Works of Al Farabi
1 Kitab Ul Musiqi Al Kabir
2,Ara Ahl Madinatul Fadila
3, The argument between plato and the Aristotle
4.Fusus al Hikam
5 Ihsa ul Iqaat
6.Ihsa ul Ulum
6 IMAM GAZZALI 1058-1111
Imam Gazzali was born in the city of Tus and also died in
Tus persia.the imam gazzali was great philospher and the sufi saint of islam
,he was best known by the title as Hujjat tul islam means authority or
document of islam.He belongs to shafi school of thought and his creed was
Ashari , As a philospher he said
certainity of truth could not be obtained through theological speculations or philosophical
reasoning.but truth was reveled only by the divine light by which Allah
illuminated it into the hearts of believers.His life divided into three stages
1,period of learnig He learned various branches of traditional
islamic religious sciences at his home place tus,later on He was appointed as
the teacher of nazimiyah institution at bagadad and he served as the lecturer
of jurisprudence for 40 years.
2 In Second stage He wrote many books such as Nasihatul
Mulluk and minhaj al abidin
3.in third stage He left the college and wandered as the
sufi in the deserts of syria and palestine and got engaged in sufi practice.
As a philospher He wrote a books on philosphy called as Al
maqasid al falasifa and tahafat al falasifa He divided all the philosphers into three
catogeries
Dahriun materialist believed on cause and effect
Tabiun Naturalist believed on
Natural laws
Illahiun Thesiist
believed on Reason
AL Gazzali he criticised the philosphers on three grounds
eternity of the world, denial of God’s knowledge and Day of judgement
Some best works of Imam gazzali
Hujjatul Haq
Al Munqidh min zalal
Ihya ulum al din
Bidayat al hidayah
Kimayat Saadat’
