RISE OF ABASSID DYNASTY,GOLDEN AGE OF ABASSID DYNASTY,750-1258

Islamic civilization under Abassids

Rise of Abassids Or Establishment of the Abassid rule  750 – 1258

The Abassid dynasty was divided into two phases called as early Abassids and later Abassids. The early Abassids comprising 22 Rullars rulled in 195 years And later Abassids were 15 rullars they rulled in 313 years the total rullars of Abassid dynasty were 37.

Origin of Abassid Dynasty, Ancestry

When the Decline of  Umayyad dynasty occurred in 750 The Abul Abass  became the first rullar of Abassid dynasty ,Abul Abass was the descendent of hazrat Abass the uncle of Muhammad saw After the demise of Hazrat Abass ra, The leadership of the family passed into the hand to his son Abdullah then came Ali ibn Adullah Muhammad ibn Ali, then leadership passed into the hands of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, Ibrahim was killed by Marwan 2 of Ummayad Dynasty.finally after the death of Ibrahim the leadership passed into the Hands of Abul Abass He was the brother of ibrahim.

Important Caliphs of The Abassid Dynasty Dates

Abul Abass As saffah 750-754

Abu Jafar Al Mansur 754-775

Al Mahadi                 775-785

Al Hadi                    785-786

Harun Rashid            786- 809

Al Amin                   809-813

Al Mamun             813-833

Al Mutasim          833-845

The First Abassid Caliph Abul Abass as saffah

The last caliph rullar of Abassid dynasty was  Al Mutasim.

These were the important early Abassid rullar then after the Mutasim the later abassi rullars rulled upto  1258.

Establishment of Abbasid Dynasty 750-1258

The Abassid dynasty was founded by Abul abass as saffah,He was born in Jordon and He died in Al anbar Iraq,As saffah was the First Abassid caliph,Why he Called as As saffah the title associated with him means Blood Shedder He followed the policy of blood and iron,in his time thousands of ummayad people were held up in prison on the charge of rebellion,Abul Abass as saffah was nominated as caliph in the Masjid of kufa,later on He shifted the ummayads capital Damascus to kufa,then the kufa capital was again changed and He made finally Al Anbar as capital of Abassid Dynasty,,The Capital of Abassid dynasty was Al anbar.

Killing of Ummayad Prince’s

AS SAFFAH THE FOUNDER OF ABASSID DYNASTY

Abul Abass as saffah When He became the first caliph of Abassid dynasty,He appointed his uncle named as Abdullah as the governor of syria,The Abdullah gave invitation to ummayyad princes in Damascus in one of thr banquet Hall consequently Abdullah got the order from Abass to kill All Ummayad who were present in the banquet Hall,Similarly He followed the order then All ummayyad princes were killed Besides The Ummayad governor Yazid bin Hobaira in wasit started revolt against Abul Abass as saffah but Abul Abass sent Abu jafar to wasit  So Hobaira was defeated.

Campaign in China Against the Abul Abass as saffah

In times of Abul abass as saffah He faced great rebellion from the chinese force in fargana,When the Chinese force defeated to the rullar of Shash ,He asked help to one of greatest governor of Abassid dynasty called as abu muslim khorasani,Consequently with the help of Abu Muslim khorasani The massive Chinese force were defeated,and a big Chinese fort was also captured by Muslims. Similarly after the chinese force.another great challenge lifted in the cites of Syria and Mesopotamia against the Authority of Abul abass as saffah.So He sent Abu jafar to both places all rebellions were defeated.

Death of As saffah Abul abass as saffah Died in 754 with the small pox disease at his palace in Al anbar,He rulled only in four years,He maintained his position through blood shedding by killing thousands of Ummayads people in his time  As saffah has two powerful nobles in his court one was Abu Salama He made him as Wazir, The Wazirs were first Appointed by Abassids.Another powerful person named as Abu Muslim khorasani, He was served as Governor of Khorasan both these persons helped to abu Abass against the overthrown of Ummayads.Besides He also performed himself as the religious leader because used to lead Friday prayer also.As saffah had only one wife and he led a pious life.

Important Caliphs of Abassid Dynasty

Abu jafar Al Mansur
Abu jafar al mansur was the second greatest rullar of the abassids dynasty ,he was regarded as the real founder of the abassid dynasty. Abu jafar was born in jordon and he died in mecca. Abu jafar assumed the throne after the death of his brother As saffah, Abu jafar got the title Al mansur that means victorious.At the beginning of his rule he faced the revolt led by his uncle Abdullah at Nasibin but Abdullah got crushing defeat after that abu jafar thought that Abu muslim khorasani getting more powerful day by day will become great danger for his throne in this context he called Abu muslim to his court and killed him.with the result the people of khorasan lifted greatest revolt against the abu jafar al mansur 
 Revolt of Khorasan The people of khorasan were the greatest followers of Abu muslim when abu jafar killed him the people of khorasan got much annoyed they formed one of the sect called as khurrami sect they regarded abu muslim as the incarnation of Allah with the result they lifted a revolt under the leadership of sunbad on the other hand Abu jafar sent big force against them consequently 70 thousand khorasani people were killed ‘ Besides the people of tabristan exhibited great reaction against the abu jafar on the killing of abu muslim khorasani. They also started revolt against the abassids rule under the leadership of ispahend but were defeated.

 Rawaindhas the persian shia origin sect 

appeared during the time of Al mansur regarded him as the incarnation of God but abu jafar arrested two hundred Rawaindhas with their leader Al kasim ibn rawand and put all them into prision. Reaction of Al mansur against the shia. During the time of al mansur he showed great reaction againist the shia community he arrested two leaders of shia sect Muhammad and Ibrahim and put them into prison.Besides in his time imam Malik was flogged and Imam Abu hanifa was arrested and put him into jail. 
Achievements of Al Mansur 
 1.He made the seven years treaty with byzantines. 
 2.He founded the capital city of Bagadad’ 
 3. He translated all the sanskrit and farsi books into Arabic.
 4.the khazars created great hovac in his time but all were defeated. 
 5.He founded the city called as Madinatul salam the city of peace. 
 6.He created the office of wazir,and khalid ibn Barmak was appointed as the first wazir the concept institution of wazir was borrowed from persians. 
 7.Al founded the rafika city 
 8. He founded the rusafa and qasri khuld palace . Before the death of al mansur Al mahadi became the new rullar of the abassids dynasty.

 Al Mahadi 775-785 he was born bilad as sham jordan succeeded by abu jafar al mansur , Al mahadi was very honest and pious in nature he started the beginning of his throne by opening the doors of all prisoners , he beautified the masjids of holy cities and implemented the postal services called as Diwan ul Barid. He has great care fore poor people and fixed the pension for poors and destitute besides he released the son of marwan second and imprisoned his wazir yaqoob ibn dawood. Achievements of al mahadi The yousuf bin ibrahim the leader of khorasani people was defeated A false prophet in khorasan called as moqanna regarded himself as incarnation of God belongs to zorastrain religion was defeated and he was sent to kish. 
 Zindiqis A sect appeared in times of mahadi didn’t believe on Allah preached immoral doctorines Al mahadi gave them severe punishment. Raid in Byzantine during the time of al mahadi he sent harun rashid towards the byzantine empire in779 with the result the great leader harun rashid capatured the fort of somalu from the byzantines . Besides in times of al mahadi the agriculture and commerce flourished in his reigme the king of china and tibet made treaties with him the al mahadi had good attitude towards shia community he restored their property besides due his piety nature and good attitude he distributed 1 crore dihram in charity and enlarged the buildings of Haram e Kabba. He died in masandan at the age of 43. 

 Al Hadi 785-786 Al Hadi was the fourth rullar of the abassid dynasty and was succeded by his father al mahadi his actual name was musa atibik he adopted harash policy towards shias Hassan bin Ali started revolt againist the al hadi but al hadi arrested him and cut his head,then his cousion went to morroco and founded the first shia dynasty called as magribul aqsa. Some memoriable events occurred in times of al hadi the yahya the tutor of Harun Rashid was put into jail the persian influence increased during his time the persian new year and other festivals were greatly celebrated in his time . the persian fashion such as dress code reached its heights so finally after the short period of al hadi the harun rashid the greatest rullar became the fifth rullar of the abassid dynasty.