Contribution Of Harun Rasid And Other Subsequent Caliphs of Abassid Dynasty

 Contribution Of Harun Rasid And Other Subsequent Caliphs of Abassid Dynasty

Harun rashid 786-809

The Harun rashid was the fifth caliph of Abassid dynasty He served as the governor of western provience during the time of his father Al mahadi.At that time he led the greatest militry campaign against the authority of byzantines.Harun rashid was only 22years old when he was crowned as the caliph of the abassid dynasty. At the very beginning of his throne what he did he released to his tutor yahya barmakid from prison and larer on he made him  as chief minister, in times of al hadi he had not allowed to his mother to take part in the politics but when Harun rashid assumed the throne he allowed to his mother to come into the affairs of state,but on her death He dismissed yahya barmakid from the post because he did not attend the furnal prayer of his mother similarly the post was given to his son jafar barmakid.

When Harun rashid assumed the throne the first task that He did he sent one of his brave person  shamakh to the court of idris as a physician. Al idris was the first shia person who founded first shia dynasty in the west in times of al hadi so when Harun rashid assumed the throne He did not tolerate the power and position of al idris thus he sent shamakh to the court of al idris what he did he gave posion to idris and he was killed.so the Harun rashid gave him the good post in the department of intelligence in egypt.

The Khandar And Kabul annexed by Harun.

During the time of Harun rashid The semi- nomadic branch of turk called as the khazars created great hovac situations in the country the Harun rashid expelled this nomadic branch from the city after 70 days, and gave big relief to the masses of his country.

Khawaraj revolt the khawariji had started the greatest revolt under the leadership of waleed bin tareef in times of Harun rashid the waleed bin tarif was defeated then the second command was taken by her sister called as laila similarly she also got big defeat from the army of Harun rashid.

Achievements of Harun Rashid

In times of Harun rashid the whole byzantine including all cities were capatured by him,besides the Harun rashid destroyed the power of barmakids in 803 that they enjoy it for previous 17 years. The greatest islands of cyprus and rhode were capatured during the time of Harun rashid. Harun rashid received the great delegation sent by charlemagne in his court the Harun rashid built the bimarastan hospital called as the hero of Arabian nights. Consequently during the time  of Harun rashid the abassids entered into saracenic rule. The harun rashid died in khorasan before his death he divided his caliphate among his three sons named as Al Amin he was made the governor of iraq and syria.   Al Mamun was made the governor of persia and khorasan, Al Mutasim was made the governor of  jazira and awasim,besides He built legendary library called as baytul Hikmah

AL AMIN 809-813

Al amin he was bo;rn in Baghdad and he died in Baghdad .al Amin was the eldest son of Harun rashid from the arab lasy called as Zubeda . after the death of Harun rashid Al Amin had the desire to rule over all the proviences of abassids  he made fazal bin rabia as chief minister one of his provience besides the Al Amin had great threat of his brother al mamun he was not in favour of al Amin to become the rullar of abassid dynasty ,similary al Amin thought that al mamun made conspiracy against him so he decided war against al mamun thus both forces started prepartion of war to each other finally the great battle was fought between two brothers called as battle of ray in 811AD  the force of al Amin was led by ali bin isa on the other hand al mamun appointed tahir bin hussain as the commander of his army the battle was fought and it was won by Mamun, al amin went hamdan prepared again big force against the mamun similary he was again defeated by mamun.so al amin was later on killed by his own people after his death al mamun became the rullar of abassid dynasty.

Al Mamun 813-833

Al Mamun was the another son of Harun rashid he was born in bagadad and He died in turkey Al mamun became the caliph of Abassid dynasty and received great support from one of leader fazl bin sahl he later on made him as the chief minister of his administration. During the time of mamun he spent all of his life at merv, the Baghdad remained under the control of Hassan bin sahl at the very outset of his rule the al mamun faced great revolt led by nasr bin shahbaz in mesopatimia similarly in kufa the shia community started a revolt under the leadership of Muhammad bin Hassan known as taba, they gave big defeat to the abassid force later on the shia leader muhammad bin hassan declared himself as the caliph of kufa.

Major events during Al mamun

Under mamun His period is regarded as the Augustan age of islam

Mamun declared the mutazila thought as the state religion and greatly criticised by the imam Hambal at that time imam hambal was merecesly beaten regarding the opposition of al mamun.

The greatest contribution of al mamun was the establishment of  Darul Hikmah  House Of  Wisdom 830 A.D Al Mamun was the great rationalist he always believed on rational thoughts during the time of al mamun the khorasani were given the estates of iraq known as abna al dawla  sons of state.

Al Mutasim 833-845

Al Mutasim  became the rullar of abassid dynasty after al mamun he rulled only in 12 years during this short regime he organised the turk body guard of ten thousand of negro slaves. He established the new city of Samara in 836 made it as a capital.During his regime all the jats ,babaks and byzantines lost power besides he occupied the places of sicily and italy,one known fact about al mutasim He was the 8^th son of Harun rashid  and had 8 wives and childrens he Al Mutasim as the   last  great rullar of the early abassid dynasty, after him he succeded to his sons Al wathiq and muttawikal for short period of times . consequently they are called as the later Abassid rullars al wathiq was great patron of art and literature he encourage trade and commerce the exchange of prisoners occurred during his regime between khalifa and greek al wathiq supported also mutazila thought.

Muttawakil the actual name was jafar called as the nero of Arabs He founded the jafariyah town in his time the christrians were not allowed to built new churches He restored fundamentalism and opposed the mutazila thought and banned mutazila Rationalism. After him muntasir came into power he adopted pro shia policy and gave order for the reconstruction of churches.then came mustain and mutaz the mutaz did many battles  with turks after that during the time of rullar mustamid the tahirids power came to an end.the later abassids the last rullar was mustakfi.